The terms pergola and arbor are frequently used as synonyms to refer to two comparable outdoor constructions. Each is constructed with posts that uphold an open framework of beams or latticework. Additionally, both structures commonly provide support for climbing plants or vines. Essentially, an arbor can be seen as a more compact version of a pergola.
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What does the term “arbor” refer to?
An arbor is a garden feature designed for outdoor spaces that offers protection from weather conditions and enhances privacy. It can also act as a decorative element, delineating various sections of a garden and guiding movement. Typically, arbors are supported by two or four posts and feature a straightforward slatted roof, which is frequently arched. The sides may be left open or adorned with lattice or trellis, serving both as a design feature and a support for climbing plants.
An arbor and a pergola are distinct from a gazebo, which is a standalone open structure found in gardens, usually featuring a hexagonal or octagonal design, though modern versions can be square or rectangular, and always include a roof. The primary distinction between a freestanding arbor and a gazebo lies in their dimensions. An arbor serves as a decorative element in a garden or landscape, while a gazebo provides a more spacious area suitable for dining or recreational activities. Unlike an accessory dwelling unit, neither of these structures is intended for habitation.
What was once commonly known as a patio roof during the housing surge following World War II—an era marked by a surge in outdoor projects and an increase in how-to publications by Lane Publishing (Sunset Books)—is now often called a pergola, and occasionally, an arbor.
Key Distinctions Between a Pergola and an Arbor at a Glance
- Mounted on an outer wall or standing independently.
- Frequently constructed atop a patio or deck to serve as a shading feature.
- Typically, a flat roof that is often adorned with climbing plants.
- The expense could exceed that of an arbor because of the dimensions and the materials used.
- Typically an independent structure.
- Situated in any part of a garden or outdoor area.
- Basic slatted roofing, frequently curved.
- A straightforward design is generally more economical compared to a pergola.
Arbor vs. Pergola: Design Features and Applications
Arbor
An arbor can be situated in any location within your backyard. This independent structure usually acts as a gateway to a specific section of your garden or yard. Additionally, an arbor provides a cozy spot for a bench or seating area, often nestled within a garden or adjacent to a pathway, adorned with climbing or trailing plants that weave up and over. Typically, arbors consist of two or four posts supporting a straightforward slatted roof, which may be arched or flat. The sides can be left open or adorned with lattice or trellis to create a more enclosed atmosphere and facilitate the growth of climbing plants.
What is Trellis Construction?
An arbor or pergola frequently incorporates trellis elements within its design. A trellis is a framework composed of slender strips of wood or alternative materials, offering a vertical surface for climbing plants to thrive. Additionally, trellises serve to stabilize fruit-bearing trees, preventing them from toppling under the weight of their produce.
Arbors can be purchased pre-assembled or in kit form. You have the option to create one yourself or hire a carpenter or contractor to construct a custom design. They can be crafted from wood, metal, or vinyl. Due to their smaller size, arbors are generally more affordable to construct and install compared to pergolas, as they need fewer materials and less labor.
Pergola
Typically constructed over a patio or deck to provide shade, a pergola features a post-and-beam design akin to that of an arbor. When connected to a home, a pergola projects from the outer wall or roof, forming a shaded or partially shaded area that connects the home’s interior to the surrounding outdoor environment. Essentially, it serves as a roof-like structure for a patio, deck, or outdoor living area.
A pergola may be attached to a home on one or more sides, featuring a framework of separate columns that uphold beams to create a lattice-like roof, or it can exist as a standalone structure.
A pergola, as an independent structure, is characterized by its four or more vertical posts or columns. It features a roof that is typically flat, which may consist of beams arranged in a single direction or enhanced with cross beams or slats. The roof of a pergola can be left open, shielded with weather-resistant fabric or a similar lightweight material, or can be designed to support climbing plants. When vines or fabric cover one side of the pergola and the adjacent patio, it acts as a privacy barrier and can also obscure an unattractive view of a neighboring yard.
A pergola is typically constructed from a pre-made kit, created as a DIY project based on specific plans, or custom-designed by a professional contractor. Factors such as dimensions, budget, timeline, project complexity, and your own DIY abilities and motivation will influence who constructs it and the method of construction. Generally, the expense of building a pergola is higher than that of an arbor, primarily due to the larger size and the materials used.
For a dose of creativity, explore these breathtaking pergola designs.
A Concise Overview of Historical Events
Initially designed to provide support for climbing plants or vines, pergolas are among the oldest forms of garden architecture. These structures have their roots in ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome. By the late 19th century, pergolas gained popularity in England, where they were utilized to showcase stunning flowering vines like roses, honeysuckle, wisteria, and clematis.
The term “pergola” originates from the Italian word “pergula,” signifying a projection. This term relates to the wooden structures found in Roman gardens that extended from the outer walls and were supported on one side by columns or pillars. During the Italian Renaissance, architects constructed pergolas to emulate the villas of Imperial Rome. In the 19th century, gardening literature referred to pergolas as “walkways adorned with vines.”
Arbors have their origins in the gardens of ancient Egypt and Rome, and by the late 16th century, they were commonly found across Europe. The word “arbor,” or “arbour,” in English is thought to have evolved from the Old French term “herbere” or the Anglo-French “herbe,” which translates to herb or grass.
Interesting Tidbit
Ancient Egyptian pergolas initially featured roughly hewn columns, but over time, they evolved into more refined structures adorned with vibrant paints and intricate sculptural elements.
